![]() Another protein expressed in the outer segments is cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase 6G ( PDE6G). A component of the latter is G protein subunit gamma transducin ( GNGT1). In rods, phototransduction begins when light activates rhodopsin ( RHO), followed by interaction with the rod-specific transducin. There are two types of photoreceptor cells: rods and cones. Vitamin A is known to be transported to the retina from other parts of the body via blood circulation, however, the presence of BCO2 in pigment epithelial cells may indicate an additional site of vitamin A synthesis.īCO2 Proteins specifically expressed in photoreceptor cellsĪn example of a protein located in the nuclei of photoreceptor cells is cone-rod homeobox ( CRX), a transcription factor essential for normal photoreceptor function. Beta-carotene oxygenase 2 ( BCO2) is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin A, which is essential for phototransduction. Retinaldehyde binding protein 1 ( RLBP1) carries the molecules 11-cis-retinaldehyde and 11-cis-retinol and mutations in this gene have been shown to lead to different conditions causing vision loss, e.g. Pigment epithelial cells aid the photoreceptor cells in various ways, including the supply of molecules essential for the conversion of light into nerve signals (phototransduction), that takes place in the photoreceptor cells. Proteins specifically expressed in pigment epithelial cells Proteins expressed in specific cell types or synapses were identified among the genes with elevated expression in the retina. In-depth analysis of the elevated genes in retina using antibody-based protein profiling allowed us to understand the distribution of the retina specific genes and their expression profiles. Protein expression of genes elevated in retina Protein phosphatase with EF-hand domain 2Īryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein like 1 "Tissue specificity score (TS)" corresponds to the fold-change between the expression level in retina and the tissue with the second-highest expression level. "mRNA (tissue)" shows the transcript level in retina as nTPM values. "Tissue distribution" describes the transcript detection (nTPM≥1) in retina as well as in all other tissues. The 12 genes with the highest level of enriched expression in retina. Detected in all: Detected in all tissues.Detected in many: Detected in at least a third but not all tissues.Detected in some: Detected in more than one but less than one-third of tissues.Detected in single: Detected in a single tissue.As evident in Table 1, all genes elevated in retina are categorized as: Tissue enhanced: At least four-fold higher mRNA level in retina compared to the average level in all other tissues.ĭistribution, on the other hand, visualizes how many genes have, or do not have, detectable levels (nTPM≥1) of transcribed mRNA molecules in the retina compared to other tissues.Group enriched: At least four-fold higher average mRNA level in a group of 2-5 tissues compared to any other tissue.Tissue enriched: At least four-fold higher mRNA level in retina compared to any other tissues.Elevated expression includes three subcategory types of elevated expression: Specificity illustrates the number of genes with elevated or non-elevated expression in the retina compared to other tissues. Transcriptome analysis of the retina can be visualized with regard to the specificity and distribution of transcribed mRNA molecules (Figure 1). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |